MAXAAD KA TAQANAA HARD DISK (HDD)- !!!

Hard Disk dusha laga sawiray isagoo marna qolofkii kore wata (Midig) marna laga furay (Bidix) oo ay calooshiisii muuqato

Sida aan ku soo aragnay Casharka 2-aad Hard Disk-gu waa halka sida joogtada ah loogu kaydiyo dhammaan program-yada iyo akhbaarta kale ee kumbiyuutarka ku jirta. Hard Disk-gu waa qaybta ugu muhiimsan qaybaha uu kumbiyuutarku u isticmaalo kaydinta akhbaarta. Wixii akhbaar ama program-yo ah ee Hard Disk-ga lagu kaydiyaa waxay halkaa ku jirayaan ilaa inta aad adigu ka tirtirto. Taasi waa haddii uu Hard Disk-gu bed qabo oo aysan ku iman cillad farsamo oo keenta inuu kharribmo halkaana ay ku lumaan dhammaan wixii ku jiray. Hard Disk-gu wuxuu ka mid yahay qaybaha muhiimka ah ee ku dhex jira santuukha kumbiyuutarka. Halkii kumbiyuutar wuxuu yeelan karaa hal ama in ka badan oo Hard Disk-yo ah, iyadoo taasi ay mar kasta ku xiran tahay baahida qofka kumbiyuutarka iska leh.

Baaxadda Hard Disk-ga

Maadaama ay dhammaan program-yada iyo akhbaarta kale ee kumbiyuutarka ku jira lagu kaydiyo Hard Disk-ga, waxaad garan kartaa in baaxadda Hard Disk-gu ay aad muhiim u tahay. Waayo xaddiga akhbaarta iyo program-yada kumbiyuutarka la gelin karaa waxay ku xiran tahay baaxadda Hard Disk-ga. Mar kasta oo ay baaxadda Hard Disk-gu sii weynaataba waxaa badanaya tirada program-yada kumbiyuutarka la gelin karo.

Baaxadda Hard Disk-ga waxaa, sida Memory-da oo kale, lagu cabbiraa waxa loo yaqaan "Byte" oo u dhigma hal xaraf. 1024-kii byte waxay noqdaan hal kilobyte (KB). Kunkii KB-na waxay noqdaan hal megabyte (MB). Kunkii MB-na waxay noqdaan hal gegabyte (GB). Hard Disk-gii ugu horreeyay ee loogu tala galay kumbiyuutarrada uu noocoodu yahay PC-ga, baaxaddiisu waxay ahayd 10 MB. Hard Disk-yada maanta la isticmaalo baaxaddoodu waxay gaaraysaa ilaa 60 GB iyo ka sii badan. Kumbiyuutarrada ay dadka caadiga ah isticmaalaan waxaa caadi ah inay wataan Hard Disk-yo ay baaxaddoodu u dhaxayso 6 - 20 GB.

Muhimmadda Hard Disk-ga

Hard Disk-gu wuxuu ka mid yahay qaybaha ugu muhiimsan kumbiyuutarka. Taas waxaan filayaa inaad si dhib yar u fahmi karto maadaama aad fahamsan tahay in dhammaan program-yada iyo akhbaarta kale ee kumbiyuutarka ku jirtaa ay ku Hard Disk-ga ku kaydsan yihiin oo haddii uu kharribmo ay lumayaan. Waxaase intaas sii dheer oo laga yaabaa in aysan si fudud kuugu muuqan in Hard Disk-gu uu muhiim u yahay guud ahaanba tayada wax qabadka ee kumbiyuutarka. Xawaaraha uu kumbiyuutarku ku kaco marka la shido waxay si toos ah ugu xiran tahay xawaaraha Hard Disk-ga. Sidoo kale xawaaraha uu program kasta oo aad shiddaa ku kaco wuxuu isaguna si toos ah ugu xiran yahay xawaaraha Hard Disk-ga. Program-yada adeegsada nooc Database ah waxay had iyo jeer wax ku qora waxna ka soo akhriyaan Hard Disk-ga, taasoo keenaysa in xawaaraha hawl qabadkoodu uu iyaguna si toos ah ugu xiran yahay xawaaraha Hard Disk-ga.
Haddaba si aan u fahamno tayada iyo xawaaraha Hard Disk-ga waxaa lagama maarmaan ah inaan fahamno dhismaha Hard Disk-ga iyo sida uu akhbaarta u kaydiyo. Sidaa darteed inta aynaan ka hadlin xawaaraha Hard Disk-ga waxaan ku hor maraynaa dhismihiisa iyo sida uu u shaqeeyo.

Dhismaha Hard Disk-ga

Sida kaaga muuqata sawirka kore, Hard Disk-gu wuxuu ka kooban yahay dhowr qaybood iyadoo qayb kastaa ay qabato hawl gaar ah. Halkaan waxaan ku soo qaadanaynaa qaybaha ugu muhiimsan oo ay ka mid yihiin (fiiri sawirka qaybaha ay nambarradu ku hor qoran yihiin):

1. Platers
2. Heads
3. Spindle
4. Actuator
5. Interface connector
6. Power connector

Lixdaas qaybood ayaan halkaan mid mid ugu soo qaadaynaa

1. Platters

Sawir ah hal Platter oo kaligeed gaar loo soo furay

Hard Disk-gu wuxuu akhbaarta ku kaydiyaa saxammo wareegsan oo xagga muuqaalka u eg saxammada CDROM-ka. Saxammadaas ayaa la yiraahdaa Platters waxayna ka samaysan yihiin shay sida birta u adag oo aan la qalloocin karin. Halkaas ayuuna ka yimid magaca Hard Disk oo loo turjumi karo "saxan adag". Platters-ku waa qeybta ugu muhiimsan qaybaha Hard Disk-ga waayo waa halka ay wax kastaa ku kaydsan yihiin, hawshaas oo ah hawsha ugu muhiimsan ee uu Hard Disk-gu qabto. Platters-ku waxay leeyihiin laba dhinac oo labadaba akhbaar lagu qoro, halka saxammada CDROM-ka dhinac kaliya wax looga qoro. Hard Disk kastaa wuxuu yeelan karaa hal Platter iyo wixii ka badan, waxayse kuwa maanta la isticmaalaa inta badan leeyihiin 1 - 5 Platters.

Si akhbaarta Platters-ka ku qoran loo nidaamiyo loona fududeeyo wax ku qoridda iyo wax ka soo akhrinta Platters-ka ayaa waxaa Platter-ka loo sii kala qaybiyaa qaybo yar yar oo la kala yiraahdo Tracks iyo Sectors.

Sawir tusaale ah oo muujinaya sida Platter-ka Hard Disk-ga loo kala qaybiyo

Sida sawirka kaaga muuqata Platter-ku wuxuu leeyahay wareegyo isku dhex jira ama kala korreeya. Halkii wareeg ayaa lagu magacaabaa Track. Halkii Track waxaa loo sii kala qaybiyaa qaybo yar yar oo la yiraahdo Sectors. Waxaa sawirka kaaga muuqda hal Sector oo lagu calaamadeeyay midab buluug ah. Platter-ka sawirka kaaga muuqda oo ah mid aan dhab ahayn laakiin tusaale ahaan loo sameeyay wuxuu leeyahay 20 Track oo halkii Track-ba uu leeyahay 16 Sectors. Hard Disk-yada casriga ee maanta la isticmaalaa waxay leeyihiin kumanaan Tracks.
Halkii Sector wuxuu qaadaa 512 byte (xaraf) waana inta ugu yar ee ay akhbaar kasta Hard Disk-ga ka qaadan karto. Tusaale ahaan haddaad qorto warqad ka kooban 100 xaraf oo aad kaydiso waxay Hard Disk-ga ka qaadanaysaa hal Sector oo ah 512 xaraf. Haddiise ay warqaddaadu gaarto kun xaraf waxay qaadanaysaa laba Sector oo ah 512 + 512 = 1024.

Sawirkaasi wuxuu muujinayaa hal dhinac oo ka mid ah labada dhinac ee Platter-ka. Dhinaca kelana wuxuu leeyahay Tracks iyo Sectors tiro ahaan iyo cabbir ahaanba la mid ah kuwa halkaan kaaga muuqda. Track kastaa wuxuu leeyahay nambar u gaar ah oo lagaga garto Track-yada ay isku dhinaca ku yaallaan. Nabarrada Tracks-ka waxaa laga billaabaa eber (0) iyadoo kan ugu hooseeya ama ugu xiga xagga bartamaha Platter-ku uu leeyahay nambar eber, kan ka korreeyana uu qaadanayo hal (1), kan kaas ka sii korreeyana uu qaadanayo labo (2) ilaa laga gaaro kan ugu korreeya oo ugu xiga xagga darafka Platter-ka oo qaadanaya nambarka ugu dambeeya. Labda dhinac ee Platter-ku waxay kala leeyihiin laba nambar oo kala ah eber (0) iyo hal (1). Platter kasta oo ka mid ah Platter-rada uu Hard Disk-gu ka kooban yahay wuxuu leeyahay nambar u gaar ah. Haddaba marka la rabo in Hard Disk-ga laga soo akhriyo akhbaar ku qoran Sector gaar ah waxaa akhbaartaas lagu raadiyaa iyadoo la sheegayo nambarka Platter-ka , nambarka dhinaca ay kaga qoran tahay, nambarka Track-ga iyo nambarka Sector-ka ay akhbaartaasi ku qoran tahay. Tusaale ahaan Platter 1, Side 1, Track 9 iyo Sector 16.

Waxa kale oo jira waxa loo yaqaano Cylinder oo micno ahaan la mid ah Track lakiin la isticmaalo marka la sheegayo adreeska akhbaarta la raadinayo. Haddaba si aan u fahamno Cylinder iyo waxa uu yahay waxaan adeegsanaynaa sawirka hoose:

Platters-ka uu Hard Disk ka kooban yahay waa isku cabbir waxayna leeyihiin tiro Tracks ah oo is le'eg isla markaana way isku dul aaddan yihiin. Tusaale ahaan haddii uu Hard Disk-gu leeyahay 4 Platters wuxuu yeelanayaa 8 dhinac oo dhinac kastaa uu leeyahay tiro Tracks ah oo ka billawda eber. Haddaba Track-yada uu nambarkoodu yahay eber ee ku yaalla dhinac kasta oo ka mid ah siddeedaas dhinac way isku dul addan yihiin waxayna isku noqonayaan hal Cylinder oo uu nambarkiisu yahay eber. Taasna wuxuu sawirku kuugu muujinayaa xarriiqa taagan oo buluugga ah.

Casharkaanna halkaas ayaan ku joojinaynaa. Casharka xiga waxaan hadduu rabbi idmo halkaas ka sii wadi doonnaa qaybaha kale ee Hard Disk-ga.

casharadan Waxa Ay Khaas u yihiin Hacks And Security , Lama ogola in loo Isticmaalo another Institute ama meelo kale lagu bixiyo, wana sharci daro..

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Written by mahbuub

a computer geek and a junior compo programmer by interest and lecturer in accounting by profession. He got his MSIT, BBIT, and MBA in Community Development at Golis University - Burao and Fair Land University - Hargesia. He has an excellence work experience with Excel Accounting/Financial Accounting, AIS/MIS/FIS/Computerized Accounting. He also masters in Excel Programming, Access Programming not to mention that he is an IT Professional in Microsoft Studio and Visual Basic Programming , Web Development in "PHP, Joomla, Wold Press. He also trained in Networking, Hardware, IT Security all in all Maxbuub has a limit let potentials and skills and he chooses to share all of that an more in this blog. Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/MrBura0